Suchergebnisse

This paper analyses the influence of religion on identity, especially the political identity and political behavior of the non-orthodox people of Montenegro. Goal of this paper is to show that non-orthodox minorities in Montenegro have a mass influence on the politics of this country. For example, without their votes, the independence of Montenegro would not be possible. This is very easy to calculate. 55% voted for the independence, and Muslims represents a little bit more than 19% of the Montenegro's population. All of them say they voted for the independence of Montenegro in 2006 referendum. Therefore, this political decision was highly dependent on the Muslim votes, and had a great influence on the Serbian interests. This fact should be highlighted. Moreover, one can say that this was one of the major defeats of Serbs in the last century. This paper shows that the identity of the Serbian speaking population of Montenegro is dependent on their religious background. Bosnians, Muslims, Montenegrin Muslims or Croats base their national identity on their Islamic or Roman Catholic confession. Moreover, this paper shows that the Albanian national question in Montenegro is a great example of how both Serbian science and politics failed to explain this issue. Serbian politicians and scientist are wrong in saying that Albanians are motivated only by antireligious nationalism in their actions, basing their attitude in complex Albanian society made of Muslims, Catholics and Orthodox Christians. Due to this fact religious aspect was completely ignored. However, a great number of Albanians fighting for Islamic State in Syria and Iraq are quite opposite to this attitude, and making Serbians to ask themselves - how is it possible that an atheist Albanians are fighting in the name of Islam? The situation is similar in Montenegro. In this paper we show that Albanians are also divided on religious lines and that this division has huge consequences. If Serbs has analyzed Albanians interreligious relations based on what we have in Montenegro, it would be easier for them to understand that Albanians failed to overcome their religious differences in the name of national unity, and consequently to understand why so many of them are fighting for ISIL. We also deal with the Croatian question in Montenegro. This paper will show that Montenegrin Croats are a part of the same Serbian body, like Bosnians or Muslims. They are divided from this body only because of their religious belonging to Roman Catholic religion. Under the pressure of the First Croat Catholic Congress in 1900 they accepted to declare as Croats as their national belonging. Prior to this, they were divided between the idea of Slavs and Serbs, all sharing the same Serbian background and language. ; Predmet ove analize jeste uticaj religije na identitet nepravoslavnih stanovnika Crne Gore. Čini nam se da je političko ponašanje pripadnika nepravoslavnih religija u Crnoj Gori izazvalo krupne političke posledice i da bi to valjalo istražiti sa tačke gledišta uticaja religije na njihov identitet, a posebno političke posledice njihovog identitetskog opredeljenja. Analiza bi trebalo da prikaže da je primarni razlog za nacionalni, kulturni i politički identitet ispitivanih subjekata njihova religijska pripadnost. U ovom radu će se koristiti uobičajena metodologija političkih nauka. Rezultati koje rad treba da ostvari bi trebalo da posluže kao osnova za bolje razumevanje činjenica o kojima je reč i da eventualno budu korisni političkim i društvenim delatnicima.

Njegosh's works are the subject of many disputes arising in science and journalism in former Jugoslavija. The most important dispute in this regard is the image of Islam given by Njegosh in his works . All discussions related to this parts of works of Njegosh belong to the domain of politics . Politics, arising on the basis of religious motives. All of this belong to the young scientific discipline Politology of religion. Having this in mind, our work will use the subject and method of Politology of religion analyzing the image of Islam which Njegosh gave in his works . In that way it will be seen if the allegations that he have been islamophobe are true or not . ; Nјegoševa delo predmet je mnogih sporova nastalih u nauci i publicistici bivše Jugoslavije.Najvažniji spor u tom smislu jeste slika islama koju je Nјegoš prikazo u svojim delima. Sve rasprave koje se tiču ovog dela Nјegoševog stvaralaštva spadaju u domen politike. Politike koja nastaje na osnovu verskih pobuda. Sve to spada u polјe mlade naučne discipline Politikologije religije. S obzirom na to u ovom radu će se, polazeći od predmeta i metoda Politikologije religije, analizirati slika islama koju Nјegoš daje u svom delu. Tako će se videti lo da li su optužbe da je bio islamofob tačne ili ne.

The prayer breakfast is an important political and religious event. The fact that it is a political event is of common knowledge. But the other one, that it is religious too, is not clearly marked in the Serbian political and social science. This is due to the fact that our society is secularized and educated for longtime that religion is dying and can not affect politics. The prayer breakfast is evidence that it is not true. Because prayer breakfast as religious manifestation affects the political life of the United States. On the other hand, U.S. politics affects the rest of the world. That is why the National Prayer Breakfast is significant foreign policy institutions. ; Molitveni doručak je važan političko-verski događaj. Činjenica da se radi o političkom događaju je opštepoznata. Ali ona druga da je i verski nije dovoljno istaknuta u srpskoj političkoj i društvenoj nauci. To je posledica činjenice da je naše društvo sekularizovano i godinama vaspitavano da religija odumire i da ne može uticati na politiku. Molitveni doručak je dokaz da to nije tako i da religija mnogo deluje na politički život SAD. Samim tim mnogo utiče i na ostali svet. Zato što je Molitveni doručak značajna spoljno-politička institucija.

A number of European countries, as well as the United States, Canada and Australia in the second half of the 20th century, received many immigrants from Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic region. This has created a specific situation which did not exist at the time of the formation of these states. At a time when those states were formed the vast majority of the population belong to the Christian political culture. As a result, secular constitutions were created. Because Christian theology can accept the secular principle of organization of the state .Immigrants have brought their cultural and political model. For example, an Islamic political model excludes secularism and demand theocracy. Thus, if the question of eventual transformation of the constitution is posed autochthon population and Muslims can not make a compromise, if each side insists on its model. This means that the multicultural constitution is impossible. ; Veliki broj evropskih zemalja, isto kao SAD, Kanada i Australija u drugoj polovini 20 veka je primio mnogo imigranata iz hindu, budističkih i islamskih regiona. To je stvorilo specifičnu situaciju kakva nije postojala u vreme formiranja ovih država. U vreme kada su ove države formirane ogromna većina stanovnika pripadala je hrišćanskoj političkoj kulturi. Kao rezultat toga stvoreni su sekularni ustavni poretci. Zbog toga što hrišćanska teologija može da prihvati sekularni princip organizacije. Imigranti su doneli su svoj politički i kulturni model. Tako na primer islamski politički model isključuje sekularizam i traži teokratiju. Samim tim kada se postavi pitanje eventualnog preuređivanja pravnog sistema vidi se da je između domicilne populacije i recimo muslimana nemoguće načiniti kompromis, ukoliko svaka strana insistira na svome modelu. To znači da je multikulturni ustav nemoguć.

One of the most important questions for Serbia, since its independence in 1878, is regulation of relationship towards Albanians. Therefore it is very important to understand the essence of the problem. Understanding the essence of the problem is like making diagnose in medicine. If we consider previous diagnoses of Serbia's relations with Albanians we will see that it is dominantly secular and anti - religious movement which has a goal to make Great Albania. If we accept this fact the problem can be solved by making Great Albania which borders, in most ambitious variant, ends a little bit south from Aleksinac. It means that Serbia can solve this problem by losing a part of its territory. But if this problem has Islamic background, as this paper argues, it means that this movement is just a part of big pan - Islamic movement which has a goal to transform entire planet into the world of Islam - Dar al Islam. Therefore, Great Albania is just a phase in conquering first Serbia and that entire Europe. ; Jedna od najvažnijih političkih činjenica sa kojom se suočava Srbija od svoga nastanka kao međunarodnopravni subjekt 1878. godine jeste pitanje regulisanja odnosa sa Albancima. Zbog svega toga veoma je važno razumeti suštinu problema. Razumevanje suštine problema ravno je dijagnozi u medicini. Kada se, medicinski rečeno, sumiraju dosadašnje dijagnoze odnosa Srbije sa Albancima dominantna jeste da se radi o sekularnom pokretu izrazito antireligioznom,čiji je cilj stvaranje sekularne Velike Albanije. Ako je to tako, onda bi se problem mogao rešiti ostvarivanjem te ideje koja u najambicioznijim zamislima ide nešto južnije od Aleksinca. To znači, da bi tako okrnjena Srbija, od pobedničkih Albanaca bila ostavljena na miru. Ali ako je problem islamski kako ga predstavlja ovaj tekst onda je taj pokret samo deo panislamsog, čiji je cilj pretvaranje čitavog sveta u zemlju islama- Dar- al islam. To onda znači da je Velika Albanija samo faza u osvajanju čitave Srbije a onda i Evrope.

One of the most important phenomena in US politics is Christian Zionism. The term Christian Zionism is related to unity of a large part of Protestant beliefs and the Zionists movement. The religious motives of US Protestants have coincided with the Jewish intention to go back to Palestine. In this way, Protestant religious motives could only be achieved by using political pressure on the US government. The goal of this pressure is to turn the foreign policy of Washington into a struggle for reconstruction and maintenance of the state of Israel. That is why many people wrongly believe that the US policy in Middle East is a product of the Jewish lobby. However, the US foreign policy in Middle East is a product of religious beliefs of Christian Zionists and the Jewish lobby is just using this fact for its own purposes. ; Hrišćanski cionizam je jedan od najvažnijih fenomena u političkom životu SAD. Pojam precizno izražava jedinstvo velikog dela protestantskih hrišćanskih verovanja i cionizma. Religijske pobude američkih protestanata su se poklopile sa namerama Jevreja da se vrate u Palestinu. Tako se desilo da su čisto religijske potrebe pomenutih protestanata mogle da se ostvare samo političkim pritiskom na vladu SAD. Cilj tih pritisaka je da spoljna politika Vašingtona velikim delom mora da se pretvori u borbu za obnovu i očuvanje države Izrael. Ta činjenica dovela je mnoge do pogrešnog zaključka da je politika SAD na Bliskom istoku posledica presudnog uticaja jevrejskog lobija. Spoljna politika SAD na Bliskom istoku posledica je religijskih uverenja hrišćanskih cionista, a jevrejski lobi to samo koristi.

Politicology of Religion, one of the youngest in the field of political sciences, and non-theological sciences on religion, had its forerunners. One of the most important forerunners was Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859). In his works Tocqueville showed in detail how the French Enlightenment philosopher's thesis, on economic underdevelopment and ignorance as the main sources of religion, are wrong. Also he showed that each religion has a political doctrine. That's why religion and politics are inseparable for him. This induced political scientists to analyze how religion affects on political attitudes. Dealing in this way Alexis de Tocqueville contributed to the birth of Politicology of religion. ; Politikologija religije, jedna od najmlađih iz korpusa političkih i neteoloških nauka o religiji, imala je svoje preteče. Jedan od najznačajnijih preteča je bio i Aleksis de Tokvil (1805-1859). U svome delu Tokvil je detaljno pokazao kako je teza francuskih prosvetitelja o privrednoj nerazvijenosti i neprosvećenosti kao glavnim izvorima religija pogrešna. Isto tako i da svaka religija ima i političko učenje. Samim tim religija i politika po njemu su neodvojive. Time je podstakao politikologe da u analiziranju politike počnu da proučavaju kako religija utiče na političke stavove. Na taj način je doprineo rađanju politikologije religije.

In the analysis of conflicts, war and violence, religion starts to be analyzed as a possible factor that significantly affects this phenomenon. From this point of view, it is important to examine how all the main religions consider these phenomenons. This paper will analyze the views of orthodox forms of Christianity on war, conflicts, violence and tolerance. Orthodoxy is an important form of Christianity, because it is dominant religious system in a large part of the planet. If we bear in mind that Russia itself, as a dominantly Orthodox country at the same time is the surface- largest country in the world, which is under the great influence of Orthodoxy, it is clear that is very important to analyze this phenomenon. How important it is to understand the influence of religion in order to maintain the world peace, it can be seen from the fact that Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev constantly emphasize their connections to the Orthodoxy. Orthodox views of conflicts, war and tolerance are based on primary sources of Christianity, but also has its own specific features that are related to the nature of its teaching and to the conditions in which the Orthodox churches act. This paper will analyze all of the above mentioned factors in order to show that without Orthodoxy it is not impossible to maintain the world peace and to develop tolerance between different religions on the planet. ; U analizi konflikata, rata i nasilja religija sve više počinje da se analizira kao jedan od mogućih činilaca koji bitno utiče na ove pojave. Sa te tačke gledišta važno je ispitati kako sve velike religije gledaju na ove fenomene. U ovom radu će se analizirati pogled pravoslavne forme hrišćanstva na rat, sukobe, nasilje i toleranciju. Pravoslavlje je važna forma hrišćanstva jer je dominantan religijski sistem na velikom delu planete. Ako se ima u vidu da je sama Rusija, kao dominantno pravoslavna, površinski najveća zemlja na svetu pod velikim uticajem pravoslavlja, onda je jasno koliko ovaj fenomen treba analizirati. Koliko je on važan za razumevanje uticaja religije na održanje mira vidi se iz činjenice de premijer Rusije Vladimir Putin i predsednik Dimitrij Medvdev stalno ističu svoju vezanost za pravoslavlje. Pravoslavno shvatanje sukoba, rata i tolerancije se zasniva na osnovnim izvorima hrišćanstva, ali ima i svoje specifičnosti koje su vezane za samu prirodu toga učenja i uslove u kojima pravoslavne crkve deluju. U ovom radu će se analizirati svi pomenuti faktori sa namerom da se pokaže da je bez pravoslavlja nemoguće održati svetski mir i razvijati toleranciju među pripadnicima različitih vera na planeti.

Demolition of single-party system and the disintegration of former Yugoslavia during 1990-ies introduced a policy of political pluralism in all newly established countries. With the introduction of the multiparty system, religion was introduced to the political scene. In all newly established countries, the impact of religion onto politics was felt. Some of the political parties were formed as the primary religious parties and thus they introduced religion as the primary political fact. Other parties although formed as secular ones they indicated that their inspiration comes from religion or tradition related to religion. The influence of these parties in political life and proclaimed democratization, that all of these counties aspire to it is more than clear. This paper will show how these political parties that operates in newly formed countries and how their work contributes to democratization. Special emphasis will be put on the analysis of political differences and political practices that will show us in the best way that the aforementioned parties indeed influence the democratization of political systems in those newly formed countries. Based on that the real picture gain will be acquired showing how political parties inspired by religion can contribute to Euro-Atlantic integration to which all of them declaratively tend to. ; Rušenje jednopartijskog sistema i raspad bivše Jugoslavije 90-tih godina 20. veka uvelo je partijski pluralizam u politiku svih novonastalih država. Sa uvođenjem višepartizma uvedena je i religija na političku scenu. U svim novonastalim državama osetio se uticaj religije na politiku. Neke od političkih partija su formirane kao primarno religiozne partije i samim tim uvele religiju kao primarnu političku činjenicu. Druge partije su, mada formirane kao sekularne, pokazale da svoju jasnu inspiraciju nalaze u religiji ili tradiciji vezanoj za religiju. Uticaj ovih partija na politički život i proklamovanu demokratizaciju ka kojoj sve ove države deklarativno teže više je nego jasan. U ovom tekstu će se prikazati kako te političke partije deluju u novonastalim državama i kako svojim radom doprinose demokratizaciji. Poseban akcenat će se staviti na analizu razlika političkih programa i političke prakse koje će na najbolji način pokazati koliko pomenute partije zaista utiču na demokratizaciju političkih sistema novonastalih država. Na osnovu toga steći će se stvarna slika koja će pokazati koliko političke partije inspirisane religijom mogu da doprinesu evro-atlantskim integracijama kojoj sve deklarativno teže.

The majority of the Christian world today is affected by weakening adherence to principles of religious practice. The reverse is the case in the countries of predominantly Orthodox tradition. After the collapse of communism, all types of human freedom were revived, including the religious one. The consequence is the revival of the Orthodox Christianity. It is reflected in the influence of the Orthodox Church on the society. Today, the most respected institutions in Russia and Serbia are the Russian and Serbian Orthodox Church, respectively. Considering the decline of the Western Christianity, the revival of the Orthodox Church has raised hopes that the Western Christianity can be revived, too. Important Christian denominations, therefore, show great interest in including the Orthodox Church in the general Christian project. It is particularly evident in the Roman Catholic Church foreign policy. The Roman Catholic Church is attempting to restore relations with Orthodox churches. In this sense, the most important churches are the Russian and the Serbian Church. But, establishing relations with these two is for Vatican both a great challenge and a project of great significance. ; Najveći deo hrišćanskog sveta danas je zahvaćen slabljenjem poštovanja pravila religijske prakse. Potpuno je suprotna situacija u zemljama dominantno pravoslavne tradicije. Posle rušenja komunizma došlo je do oživljavanja svih sloboda, pa i verskih. Tako je došlo do obnove pravoslavlja. To se posebno odrazilo na uticaj pravoslavne crkve na društvo. Tako danas npr. ruska i srpska pravoslavna crkva predstavljaju najpoštovanije institucije u Rusiji i Srbiji. Imajući u vidu slabljenje zapadnog hrišćanstva, obnova pravoslavne crkve predstavlja nadu za hrišćane da se i zapadno hrišćanstvo može obnoviti. Stoga značajne hrišćanske denominacije pokazuju veliki interese za uključivanje pravoslavnih u opšti hrišćanski projekat. To se posebno vidi u spoljnoj politici rimokatoličke crkve. Rimokatolička crkva uporno pokušava da obnovi odnose sa pravoslavnim crkvama. U tom smislu najvažnije crkve predstavljaju ruska i srpska. Uspostavljanje odnosa sa ove dve crkve ima veliki značaj za Vatikan ali predstavlja i veliki izazov.

Understanding of modern countries and their legal systems would be incomplete without acquaintance of Islamic public law and political theory. First of all, because Muslims make up more than one billion inhabitants of our planet, and because almost all the Muslim countries enforce, at least partially, traditional Islamic legal norms in the modern legal system. In this text the Islamic theory of state and law is presented through the works of Serbian Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić. Andrić, by representing the human destinies and the circumstances in which they lived in Bosnia during the Ottoman period, was in very accurate and understandable way represented an Islamic theory of state and law. ; Razumevanje savremenih država i pravnih poredaka koji u njima funkcionišu bilo bi nekompletno bez poznavanja islamske državno- pravne i političke teorije. Pre svega zato što muslimani čine preko milijardu stanovnika naše planete i zato što skoro svaka od muslimanskih država primenjuje barem delimično tradicionalne islamske pravne norme u savremenom pravnom poretku. U ovom tekstu je islamska teorija države i prava predstavljena kroz delo srpskog nobelovca Ive Andrića.Andrić je predstavljajući ljudske sudbine i okolnosti u kojima su živeli u vreme osmanske vladavine Bosnom veoma precizno i na veoma razumljiv način predstavio islamsku teoriju države i prava.

The states that were created after the breakup of former Yugoslavia in the last decade of the 20th century had long been either part of the Ottoman Empire or in conflict with it. It is all reflected in their relationship with today's Turkey, the successor of the Ottoman Empire. The author shows how the newly independent states look on Turkey today. Special attention was dedicated to the causes of different views on Turkey. In author's opinion, it is the basis for mutual understanding and the development of good relations among Balkan States and in the European Region and it is also the condition for peace and stability in Europe (and in the Mediterranean). ; Države koje su stvorene posle propasti bivše Jugoslavije u poslednjoj deceniji 20. veka dugo su bile deo Osmanske imperije ili su bile u konfliktu s njom. Sve se to odražava na odnose tih država s današnjom Turskom, naslednicom Osmanske imperije. Autor pokazuje kako novostvorene države gledaju na današnju Tursku. Posebnu pažnju posvećuje uzrocima različitih pogleda na Tursku. Po njegovom mišljenju, to predstavlja osnovu za zajedničko razumevanje i razvoj dobrih odnosa na Balkanu i evropskom prostoru i uslov je da Evropa (a i Mediteran) budu stabilni i mirni.

Treating fertility problems of Serbia 's populations, authors neglected religious affiliation. But it is very important. Because, facts shows that in terms of the same economic conditions different religious groups have different birthrate .It is obvious that Muslim population leads in the number of births. But the situation is similar with other religious communities if we speak about people with strong faith. Those facts make significant political and demographic consequences . That's why researchers have to pay more attention to this problem. ; U obradi problema nataliteta u Srbiji se religijska pripadnost stanovništava nije dovoljno uzimala u obzir. A to je veoma važno. Zato što se pokazuje da u uslovima istih ekonomskih uslova života različite verske grupe imaju različitu stopu rađanja.Jasno se vidi da muslimanska populacija prednjači u broju rađanja. Ali je slična situacija i kod drugih verskih zajednica kada se radi o stvarno religioznim ljudima.Te činjenice ostavljaju značajne političke i demografske posledice i zato bi nauka morala da im posveti daleko više pažnje.

Religions have always played a major role in creating a mental structure of their followers. Thus, the Serbian Orthodox influences the creation of the mental structure of Serbs. That is why Serb's mental structure is impregnated by Orthodoxy. From the middle Ages, especially since the establishment of the autocephalous Serbian church 1219th this fact is more than visible. Orthodox affiliation was more important than belonging to the ethnic group. During the centuries of Ottoman and Austrian rule over the Serbs that fact especially was obvious. Only those who remained Orthodox, or are aware of their orthodox origin remained Serbs. Those Orthodox have led the fight for the restoration of the Serbian state. It can be say that the modern Serbian state was born in a battle which leaders were heroes inspired by orthodoxy. The proof for this is the fact that Serbian Orthodox Church is the most influential and respected national institution. ; Religije su uvek igrale veliku ulogu u stvaranju mentalnog sklopa svojih sledbenika. Tako je pravoslavlje uticalo na stvaranje srpskog mentalnog sklopa. Mentalna struktura Srba je impregnirana pravoslavljem. Od srednjeg veka, posebno od formiranja autokefalne srpske crkve 1219. godine ta činjenica je postavila vidljiva. Pripadnost pravoslavlju je bila važnija od pripadnosti narodu. Za vreme viševekovne osmanske vlasti i vlasti Austrijom nad delom Srba ta se činjenica posebno videla. Samo oni koji su ostali pravoslavni ili su svesni svoga pravoslavnog porekla su ostali Srbi. Ti pravoslavni su poveli borbu za obnovu srpske države. I može se reći da je moderna Srbija rođena u borbi koja je slila pravoslavlje i naciju. To se vidi danas kada ke SPC i dalje najuticajnija i najpoštovanija nacionalna institucija.

The idea of civil society encountered the difficulties when realized that religious and cultural image of countries that are inspired by this ideology has become complex. That why the ideologues of this project concluded that the idea of nation, religion, history and culture should be rearranged in order to create a common culture. In this sense, it became clear that the current understanding of patriotism, nation, nationalism, chauvinism . have to be changed in order to promote new meaning of those words with goal to create new society. ; Ideja o ostvarivanju civilnog društva suočila se s teškoćama kada je verska i kulturna slika zemalja koje se ovom ideologijom inspirišu postala složena. Zbog toga su ideolozi toga projekta zaključili da ideju nacije, religije, istorije i kulture treba preurediti u cilju stvaranja jedinstvene kulture. U tom smislu postalo je jasno da dosadašnje shvatanje patriotizma, nacije, nacionalizma. smeta realizaciji ideje civilnog društva pa je značenje ovih termina menjano sa ciljem izazivanja političkih posledica.